Relocation of second degree intra-UE: a study in the manufacturing industries

Using data from the European Restructuring Monitor, this paper explores the relocation of second degree (RoSD) of European manufacturing in the time span between 2002 and 2015. Within RoSDs we distinguish two typologies: back-reshoring (i.e., when the destination country is the home country) and other RoSDs. In this paper we provide an initial descriptive analysis of the trends over time and a network analysis of the origin and destination countries. Moreover, for each RoSD case, we explore the role of the location drivers that have been classified in market-seeking, natural resource-seeking, strategic asset-seeking, and cost-saving.