Seed germination and conservation of two endemic species from Central Apennines (Italy)

The Mediterranean mountains are one of the most threatened ecosystems in Europe, and endemic species are a significant feature of this environment. The definition of germination protocols for endemic, rare or threatened species is an important step for their conservation. The aim of this work was to analyze seed germination of Phyllolepidum rupestre Ten. Trinajstić and Crepis magellensis F. Conti & Uzunov, two endemic species growing in small populations in the Majella Nation Park (Central Apennines, Italy). The effects of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25/10 and 20/10°C), irradiance and gibberellic acid (250 and 500 ppm) on seeds germination were considered. A protocol for the in situ reintroduction was also developed. The results highlight a significant effect of temperature on seed germination. In particular, seed germination for P. rupestre and C. magellensis was 70.58 ± 3.75 % and 97.30 ± 3.13% at 20°C, respectively. These protocols can be used in reinforcement projects for wild populations.