Accurate and Efficient Low-Frequency Solution of Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Models

This paper presents an accurate and efficient low-frequency solution of 3-D partial element equivalent circuit models (PEEC). The cause of the low-frequency breakdown is identified from a circuit point of view and an effective approach is proposed to eliminate it in a rigorous way. Further, based on the previous step and on a proper choice of the unknowns, an effective preconditioner for PEEC formulation is proposed to analyze problems involving both lossy conductors and ideal dielectrics, which is well suited to be used along with iterative solvers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation and preconditioner in solving two pertinent problems.