Bio-morphological evaluation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts on mineralized dentin graft: an in vitro study

Regenerative dentistry aims to restore the volumes and tissues lost during traumas or periodontal disease. In the past, research focused on the development of new materials which could constitute the best graft for tissue regeneration. Dentinal matrix has been considered one of the materials that can be used for this purpose. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of a mineralized dentinal graft material. Human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) cell line was used for subculture, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. XTT essay was performed to evaluate the cell survival, and histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to evaluate the morphological changes in response to the new material. The dentinal particles were obtained according to the Smart Grinder protocol and Bio-Oss material was used as positive control. The response was evaluated after 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days from the seeding. The 24-h results showed a cell survival of 96.7% in the sample tested with the dentin and of 98.9% in the sample tested with the Bio-Oss. The 72-h results showed a cell survival of 105% in the sample tested with the dentin and of 140% in the sample tested with the Bio-Oss. The 7-day results confirmed the trends of the cellular growth: the cell survival rate of the sample tested with the dentin was 152% and of 186% in the sample tested with the Bio-Oss. The morphological data confirmed the biological essays, showing the perfect biocompatibility and the “cell-friendly” properties of the tested material. HPLF cells showed a very promising growth reaction to the tested material, comparable to the considered standard material (Bio-Oss). In vivo studies, RCTs and systematic reviews are necessary to validate the use of this material for regenerative periodontal interventions in clinical practice. © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.