Morchella species are known as famous and prized edible fungi due to their culinary flavor and medicinal properties. The asomata are collected throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Morchella spp. taxonomy has long been debated as a result of the high phenotypic plasticity charaterizing the genus. Most morels are considered saprobic but some species has been reported to interact with roots of many plant species forming different types of associations. In Emilia-Romagna (Italy), morels became a part of the culinary tradition, especially for the populations of the coastal areas. This work aimed to describe and identify the ascomata collected on the white dune habitat as well as to verify the extent of the interaction with plant species growing in the same area. All ascomata collected since 2001 shared a similar morphology with a range of variability mainly due to the harvesting period. Ascomata collected in 2017 were grouped within the Mes-17 clade, in the Esculenta group, based on their ITS rDNA sequences. Nine different plant species were found to be connected with morel ascomata through characteristic sand-mycelial structures never described before. The amount of the ascomata collected on the sand dunes demonstrates that the study area is particularly suitable for morel fruiting. Therefore, the protection of the dune system is imperative for preserving Morchella genetic diversity within the local population.
Le spugnole (Morchella spp.) sono funghi commestibili apprezzati per le loro ottime caratteristiche culinarie e proprietà medicinali. I loro ambienti di sviluppo si trovano nelle regioni temperate dell'emisfero settentrionale. La tassonomia dei funghi del genere Morchella è sempre stata controversa a causa della loro elevata plasticità fenotipica. La maggior parte delle spugnole è considerata saprotrofa, ma è noto che alcune specie interagiscono con le radici di molte specie vegetali formando diversi tipi di associazioni. In Emilia-Romagna (Italia), le spugnole sono entrate a far parte della tradizione culinaria, specialmente per le popolazioni delle aree costiere. In questo lavoro gli ascomi raccolti lungo le dune costiere dell’Emilia-Romagna sono stati caratterizzati morfologicamente e molecolarmente e sono state verificate le relazioni instaurate con le specie vegetali presenti nella stessa area. Tutti gli ascomi, raccolti dal 2001 ad oggi, condividevano caratteristiche morfologiche simili e la loro variabilità morfologica era dovuta principalmente al periodo di raccolta. Le analisi delle sequenze delle regioni ITS dell’ rDNA, effettuate sugli esemplari raccolti nel 2017, hanno permesso di raggruppare tutti gli ascomi esaminati all'interno del clade Mes-17, del gruppo Esculenta. Cordoni miceliari incrostati di sabbia sono stati trovati connettere la base degli ascomi e le radici di nove diverse specie di piante. La quantità degli ascomi raccolti sulle dune sabbiose costiere dimostra che l'area di studio è particolarmente adatta per la fruttificazione delle spugnole Da questo studio si evince la necessità di proteggere il sistema dunale al fine di preservare la diversità genetica si questi funghi.
Morels on the sand dunes of the Emilia-Romagna coast (Northwestern Adriatic Sea, Italy)
GIANCHINO, CARMELO;Mirco Iotti
;
2019-01-01
Abstract
Morchella species are known as famous and prized edible fungi due to their culinary flavor and medicinal properties. The asomata are collected throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Morchella spp. taxonomy has long been debated as a result of the high phenotypic plasticity charaterizing the genus. Most morels are considered saprobic but some species has been reported to interact with roots of many plant species forming different types of associations. In Emilia-Romagna (Italy), morels became a part of the culinary tradition, especially for the populations of the coastal areas. This work aimed to describe and identify the ascomata collected on the white dune habitat as well as to verify the extent of the interaction with plant species growing in the same area. All ascomata collected since 2001 shared a similar morphology with a range of variability mainly due to the harvesting period. Ascomata collected in 2017 were grouped within the Mes-17 clade, in the Esculenta group, based on their ITS rDNA sequences. Nine different plant species were found to be connected with morel ascomata through characteristic sand-mycelial structures never described before. The amount of the ascomata collected on the sand dunes demonstrates that the study area is particularly suitable for morel fruiting. Therefore, the protection of the dune system is imperative for preserving Morchella genetic diversity within the local population.Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.