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8.1 Tesi di dottorato 232

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Minimal graphs in three-dimensional Killing submersions

We consider a connected and orientable Riemannian (resp. Lorentzian) three-manifold E admitting a never vanishing (resp. temporal) complete Killing vector field ξ ∈ X(E) whose associated one-parameter group of isometries G of E acts freely and properly on E. Then, there exists a Killing submersion π: E → M = E/G whose fibers are the integral curves of ξ. Killing submersions give rise to a natural notion of graph over a domain in M, that is, a smooth section of π over this domain. In this sett...

Ottimizzazione energetica di un impianto di refrigerazione a CO2 transcritica: analisi sperimentale e modellazione impiantistica

This thesis focuses on optimizing CO2 refrigeration systems in response to the Montreal Protocol's requirement to phase out ozone-depleting refrigerants and transition to safer and more environmentally friendly options. The research begins with an analysis of why carbon dioxide is an ideal refrigerant, followed by a review of the current state of research in this field. Experimental activities were then conducted at the University of L'Aquila, where each component of a commercial refrigeratio...

Trattamento e recupero di metalli preziosi e di base da rifiuti industriali attraverso processi idrometallurgici sostenibili e con approccio all'economia circolare

The recovery of material and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly fundamental for sustainable development. The most significant challenge for research in this sector is to find increasingly cutting-edge technologies that allow us to help the environment while generating profitable economic activities. Through the union of these two aspects, which until now may have seemed antithetical, we can talk about progress. From this standpoint, materials such as spent catalysts or elec...

STUDIO E SVILUPPO DI PROCESSI IDROMETALLURGICI SOSTENIBILI PER IL RECUPERO DI METALLI PREZIOSI DA RIFIUTI DI APPARECCHIATURE ELETTRICHE ED ELETTRONICHE

In this particular historical period where technology goes hand in hand with human activity, one issue of paramount importance is the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment, so-called WEEE. Correct disposal of WEEE leads first and foremost to an environmental benefit. In addition, valuable materials and metals with enormous economic value can be extracted from such waste, which become secondary raw materials, entering the circular economy, according to the concept of Urban mi...

Progettazione di apparecchiature e sistemi industriali in condizioni di incertezza e di funzionamento variabile

Variability and uncertainty often strongly affect the industrial environment. When this happens, it is impossible to neglect uncertainty, ensuring that this does not lead to incorrect decisions and wrong estimation of the inherent technical and economic risk. Industrial equipment, components, and systems often operate under conditions of deep uncertainty and variable operating conditions. However, they are usually designed based on nominal conditions, neglecting sources of uncertainty. Tradi...

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