Dynamic Identification of HTS Maglev Module for Suspended Vehicle by Using a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Generalized Bouc–Wen Hysteresis Model

The energy dissipation phenomenon of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (Maglev) transport system is investigated by using a single degree of freedom generalized Bouc–Wen hysteresis model. The Maglev system under test consists of a bogie with HTS skaters, which interacts with permanent magnets distributed on the guideways; thanks to a passive and self-balanced magnetic interaction, the vehicle is suspended and guided in all phases of the motion, including zero speed. The response of the HTS skate is tested under pseudo-static cyclic load in the vertical and lateral directions. The parameters of the generalized Bouc–Wen (GBW) model are calibrated on the experimental hysteresis loops using an ordinary least squares–based algorithm. The vertical dynamics of the levitating HTS skate is affected by the magnetic field discontinuities of the guideway. The dissipated hysteretic energy is simulated to assess the dependence on the velocity and pattern of the magnetic field. The displacement response is obtained by solving the nonlinear differential equation representative of the moving HTS skater, modelled as a single degree of freedom system, whose interactions with the magnetic guideway are described by the identified GBW hysteresis law.