Three-dimensional distribution of the collagen fibers in the submucosa of the swine terminal ileum

Collagen has an important role in controlling mechanical function and physiopathology of intestinal wall. Swine small intestine may be used as biomaterial source for tissue repairing. Changes of collagen arrangement and three-dimensional (3D) distribution may be related to the dissimilar biomechanical proprieties showed by different intestine tracts. 3D spatial distribution of collagen bundles of swine submucosal terminal ileum (SSTI) was studied by a correlated analysis of light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of NaOH macerated samples. Bundles of collagen fibers were greatly represented in the submucosa at the mesenteric border and also extended along the longitudinal folds beneath mucosa layer. Polarized LM of picrosirius stained samples evidenced yellow and red fibers (type I collagen), and green fibers (type III collagen). Silver-impregnated sections showed predominant brown-stained fibers and, in a smaller amount, black-stained ones. By SEM submucosal collagen, isolated by NaOH maceration, appeared arranged in wide bundles forming a complicated 3-D network. The bundles presented a sinuous course, opened and closed repeatedly forming meshes fashioned in a regular net. These observations originally demonstrated that 3-D distribution of SSTI collagen is different from that observed in other gut segments and species. The arrangement of SSTI collagen fibers that we observed seems to be morphofunctionally adjusted to provide appropriate resistance to mechanical forces and to assure compliance to deformations induced by intestinal wall motion. The studies for selection of optimal intestinal patches for surgical replacement should take into consideration the basic morphological evaluation of parietal collagen 3D distribution