Economic and environmental outcomes of a sustainable and circular approach: Case study of an Italian wine-producing firm

The circular economy pro- duces significant advantages for the environment and our economy. However, the scarcity of academic studies on the circular economy and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is especially noticeable in the wine industry. There are some knowledge gaps in the literature, since little research addresses the integration of circular economy principles into the practices of the wine industry or the potential benefits arising from the circular economy for SMEs. This study combines Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods to evaluate the relationship between the economic and environmental performance of a small Italian wine- making firm that implements sustainable management and the circular economy. Our findings indicate adopting sustainable and circular approaches in the wine industry can generate positive outcomes in terms of both environmental and economic sustainability through a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cost savings