Architecture and Techniques of Environmental Control of Climatic Colonies in Italy and Abruzzo

The climatic colonies are a new typology of buildings, an unprecedented synthesis of health and educational structures, promoted by the National Fascist Party for the care and training of young people with the aim of physically and mentally “shaping” the new Italian, from the very early childhood. The buildings are complex “sanitary machines”, using distribution and construction solutions based on studies and experience gained since the 19th century to make buildings for the healthy treatment of tuberculosis and lung diseases (hospices and sanatoriums). The contribution starts with a study of the architectural, typological and construction characteristics of colonies, located in both marine and mountain environments, and focuses attention, in particular, on two of those built in Abruzzo in the 1920s during the Fascist Fascist period. The original functioning of the two buildings will be investigated, as well as the effectiveness of the solutions adopted to achieve internal comfort and the building-environment relationship. This study is aided by computer simulations. These themes are fundamental for guiding the recovery of this type of existing structure, and also consider recent and continuing climate change to which the entire planet is subjected.