Evaluation of occlusal force in Class II subdivision malocclusion

Background: Class II subdivision is a malocclusion characterized by dental and functional asymmetry that is difficult to manage. Impaired muscle function can result in asymmetrical growth, leading to occlusal instability. Objective(s): The study aimed to assess occlusal force in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion using Innobyte. Additionally, the discrepancies of force generated at the position of maximum intercuspidation between the left and right sides of the arches were evaluated. Methods: The occlusal force of 66 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion (group S) was measured and compared with that of 66 patients with Class I (group I) and 66 patients with Class II malocclusion (group II). The S group patients had a Class I molar on the right side and a Class II molar on the left side. ANOVA test, followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test, was performed to compare the mean of the total force among the groups. To assess the difference in force between the right and left arches, one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison was performed. Finally, a boxplot was created to show the trend of occlusal force recorded in the three groups of patients. Results: The occlusal force differed significantly among the groups (p <.001). Post hoc Games-Howell analysis showed significant differences as follows: the total force in group S was 165.24 N greater than in group II and in group I was 218.06 N greater than in group II. The difference (right–left) in total force between the groups was statistically significant (p <.001). Tukey's post hoc test showed following significant correlation: in group S was 53.51 N greater than in group II and 63.12 N greater than in group I. Conclusions: Among the analysed groups, patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited the lowest value of occlusal force. In patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion, force asymmetry, characterised by a higher value on the Class I side and a lower value on the Class II side was observed.