A Systematic Mapping Study on Automated Negotiation for Autonomous Intelligent Systems

Autonomous intelligent systems are known as artificial intelligence software entities that can act on their own and can take decisions without any human intervention. The communication between such systems to reach an agreement for problem-solving is known as automated negotiation. This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the literature on automated negotiation from four distinct viewpoints: (i) the existing literature on negotiation with focus on automation, (ii) the specific purpose and application domain of the studies published in the domain of automated negotiation, (iii) the input, and techniques used to model the negotiation process, ad (iv) the limitations of the state of the art and future research directions. For this purpose, we performed a systematic mapping study (SMS) starting from 73,760 potentially relevant studies belonging to 24 conference proceedings and 22 journal issues. Through a precise selection procedure, we identified 50 primary studies, published from the year 2000 onward, which were analyzed by applying a classification framework. As a result, we provide: (a) a classification framework to analyze the automated negotiation literature according to several parameters (e.g., focus of the paper, inputs required to carry on the negotiation process, techniques applied, and type of agents involved in the negotiation), (b) an up-to-date map of the literature specifying the purpose and application domain of each study, (c) a list of techniques used to automate the negotiation process and the list of input to carry out the negotiation, and (d) a discussion about promising challenges and their consequences for future research. We also provide a replication package to help researchers replicate and verify our systematic mapping study. The results and findings will benefit researchers and practitioners in identifying the research gap and conducting further research to bring dedicated solutions for automated negotiation.