Piattaforme e Architetture di Comunicazione per Sistemi di Trasporto Intelligenti

The growing demand for mobility of people and goods will lead to a radical change of the transport paradigm, toward increasingly safe, sustainable and integrated systems: the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this context the ICT technologies play the key role, in particular the communication technologies that are fundamental to convey the navigation information, implement active surveillance techniques, and strengthen the accuracy of localization processes. The results presented in this work cover different areas of the transport sector, specifically the rail and road transportation, as well as the Air Traffic Control (ATC). The research activities, mainly driven by industrial projects, have been carried out in order to improve safety and ensure better management of traffic flows and fleets in these different domains, through the use of communication systems, localization technologies and cybersecurity techniques. In the railway sector, research activities mainly concerned the goods transportation, in particular the design and prototyping with a real test bench of an integrated architecture for monitoring and efficient management of trains and freight wagons based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), long-range communication technologies and cloud computing for collecting and processing information in a centralized way. In the ATC context the Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) technology was addressed, with specific commitment on the enhanced reception techniques proposed by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA: through a detailed link level simulation environment, the performance of those techniques have been assessed in terms of preamble detection and data decoding over two different RF reception chains. Furthermore, a high-level hardware design was performed for future prototyping on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) through RTL (Register Transfer Level) mode in VLSI Hardware Description Language (VHDL). In the automotive domain research activities were carried out on vehicular communication as key factor for development of innovative solutions to improve the road safety and traffic efficiency, as well as to realize advanced mobility services. ITS applications were implemented in high fidelity simulation environment for vehicular communication, such as the traffic management in emergency situations and the optimization of traffic lights by means of Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication, while performing radio channel congestion analysis. Together with the different communication technologies, from Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) to the 5G, accurate localization and cybersecurity aspects were approached within the design of a heterogeneous architecture for management of smart commercial vehicles, able to operate both in ordinary and emergency conditions thanks to an on-board equipment composed by a multi-standard communication platform and advanced localization systems based on multi-constellation satellite receivers (GPS + GALILEO).