SEM-EDX ANALYSIS OF METAL PARTICLES FROM SURGICAL BURS AFTER GIS PROCEDURES

Aim: the preparation of the implant site in guided surgery procedure takes place without irrigation. This could lead to the formation and release of metal particles, that could represent a trigger for macrophage activity, and consequent implant loss. According to the guided surgical protocol, the study aimed to evaluate the presence of metal particles deposited during implant site preparation. Methods: the study involved the use of 50 sections of ribs obtained from a 15-month-old pig, surgical guides in plexiglass and a guided surgery drill kit TKD-GUIDED T8C (AB Dental, Ashdod, Israel). This same kit was used 50 times to prepare 50 different implant sites and evaluated at different edges and number of preparation (T0 -neutral edge, T1 -1 full preparation, T2 -10, T3 -20, T4 -30, T5 -40, T6 -50) by SEM-EDX to assess the presence of any metal deposition. Results: the presence of metal residues in the implant site increased according to the cycles of use of the drills. We have observed that in the first three groups there is no presence of metals, but it is evident in groups T3 and T4. Moreover, the geometry of the preparation of the last 2 groups tends to be more irregular due to the reduced cutting efficiency of the cutters. Conclusions: the study highlighted how the lack of irrigation in the work site leads the deposition of metal particle and the reduction of the drill’s efficiency. These factors alter the shape of the prepared site and reduce the primary stability of the implants.