Influence of Local Soil Conditions on the Damage Distribution in Izmir Bay During the October 30, 2020, Samos Earthquake

On October 30, 2020, a damaging earthquake of moment magnitude 6.6 struck about 14 km northeast of the island of Samos, Greece, and about 70 km from the center of the city of Izmir in Turkey. Even though the epicenter was relatively far away, the effects of the seismic event in the highly populated city center of Izmir were destructive causing over 100 fatalities and significant structural damage. Multiple failures of high buildings constituted the major source of the fatalities. This paper aims to understand the link between the localized damage distribution and the nature of amplification effects that have been observed in Izmir Bay, starting from collection and data analysis interpretation of seismic records and targeted damage assessment of the built environment, as well as geological and morphological characteristics of the area and the geotechnical properties of soils. Critical analysis of the numerous recorded signals shows the key role of the young alluvium and shallow marine deposits of the basin on which Izmir Bay was growing. The coupling mechanism between the frequency content of the shaking and the fundamental frequencies of the damaged buildings contributed to exacerbating the inertial forces acting on the collapsed buildings.