FIELD DEPENDENT–INDEPENDENT COGNITIVE STYLE AND CREATIVITY FROM THE PROCESS AND PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPROACHES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Creativity is a multifaceted construct that can be defined both in terms of process (e.g., divergent thinking) and product (e.g., a poem). Across years, it has been related to different cognitive and personality variables, including cognitive styles. The current systematic review aimed to sum-marize the literature on the relationships between field dependence–independence and creativity, considering both the creative process and creative production approaches. We selected eight studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses rules. Findings re-vealed that a consistent number of studies focused on creative process mainly in terms of divergent thinking instead of convergent thinking, also providing misleading results. Additionally, only two studies focused on creative production, showing that field independents were more creative than field dependents. Given the contradictory results and the paucity of studies, we concluded that the association between field dependence–independence and creativity needs to be further investigated by more accurate empirical explorations. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.